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Skin allergy testing is a method for medical diagnosis of allergies that attempts to provoke a small, controlled, allergic response. ==Methods== A microscopic amount of an allergen is introduced to a patient's skin by various means:〔Bernstein IL, Li JT, Bernstein DI, Hamilton R, Spector SL, Tan R, et al. Allergy diagnostic testing: an updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 100:S1-148.〕 * ''Skin prick test'': pricking the skin with a needle or pin containing a small amount of the allergen.〔Basomba A, Sastre A, Pelaez A, Romar A, Campos A, Garcia-Villalmanzo A. Standardization of the prick test. A comparative study of three methods. Allergy 1985; 40:395-9.〕 * ''Skin scratch test'': a deep dermic scratch is performed with help of the blunt botton of a lancet.〔Indrajana T, Spieksma FT, Voorhorst R. Comparative study of the intracutaneous, scratch and prick tests in allergy. Ann Allergy 1971; 29:639-50.〕 * ''Intradermic test'': a tiny quantity of allergen is injected under the dermis wth a hypodermic syringe. * ''Skin scrape Test'': a superficial scrape is performed with help of the bovel of a needle to remove the superficial layer of the epidermis.〔Olivier CE, Argentão DGP, Santos RAPG, Silva MD, Lima RPS, Zollner RL. Skin scrape test: an inexpensive and painless skin test for recognition of immediate hypersensitivity in children and adults. The Open Allergy Journal 2013; 6:9-17. (Link )〕 * ''Patch test'': applying a patch to the skin, where the patch contains the allergen If an immuno-response is seen in the form of a rash, urticaria (hives), or ''(worse)'' anaphylaxis it can be concluded that the patient has a hypersensitivity (or allergy) to that allergen. Further testing can be done to identify the particular allergen. The "skin scratch test" as it's called, is not very commonly used due to increased likelihood of infection. On the other hand, the "skin scrape test" is painless, does not leave residual pigmentation and does not have a risk of infection, since it is limited to the superficial layer of the skin. Some allergies are identified in a few minutes but others may take several days. In all cases where the test is positive, the skin will become raised, red and appear itchy. The results are recorded - larger wheals indicating that the subject is more sensitive to that particular allergen. A negative test does not conclusively rule out an allergy; occasionally, the concentration needs to be adjusted, or the body fails to elicit a response. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Skin allergy test」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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